Haidong Gumdo Vocabulary
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The Haidong Gumdo | Haidong Gumdo History | Haidong Gumdo Techniques | Training Haidong Gumdo | Fundamentals of Haidong Gumdo | Danjun Hohup | Haidong Gumdo Vocabulary | Haidong Gumdo World Organisation
The name ‘Haidong’ came from ‘Haidong Sungguk Parhae,’ meaning ‘Parhae, the flourishing country in the East’. ‘Gumdo’ means the way of the sword. Today, Haidong Gumdo refers to Traditional Korean Martial Art of Swordmanship.
The main focus of the instruction is on the use of the sword. Although unarmed combat techniques are sometimes taught, they are not the main part of the curriculum. The purpose of learning Haidong Gumdo is self improvements through sword training but to learn to use all medieval weaponries.
The basic sword used in Haidong Gumdo is the traditional Korean long sword, which looks quite similar to a Japanese Katana. The blade is slightly curved and only one side is sharp. Most training is done with a hard wood sword (mokgum). After black belt the student regularly receives training with a real sword (jingum) for cutting and forms. For safety reasons the mokgum or kagum (blunt metal sword) are used in group classes.
Haidong Gumdo is a martial art for self-cultivation and improvement. The main focus is on practical sword techniques. The curriculum, however, covers a broad range of martial art training including unarmed combat, breakfalls, muscle conditioning, meditation(danjun hohup) and energy training (ki gong).
Basic Commands:
| Romanised | Translation / explanation |
| Cha-Rot | Come to attention |
| Gyong-Nye | Bow |
| Pa-Ro | Relax (return to ready stance) / ‘At ease’ |
| Chun-Bi | Get ready |
| Si-Jak | Start |
| Gue-Man | Stop |
| Pal-Do | Draw sword |
| Chak-Gum | Sheathe sword. Note: There are various ways of sheathing a sword and they are referred to by the pattern that they appear in, for example, ssangsu chakkom 2-pon |
| Kyon-Jok | Centre ready or centre aim |
| Ki-Hap | Short exhalation of breath, often in combination with a cut |
| Chase pak-kuseu | Change stance to face the rear |
| Dui-ro-dol-a | Turn around |
| Dobok Jung-ni | Fix the dobok |
Stances:
| Romanised | Translation / explanation |
| Kima-se | Horse-riding stance |
| Taedo-se | Long or high stance (lit: great stance |
| Kumgye dongnip p’alsang-se | Stand on one leg (normally left) Raised foot should point down The sword is normally held vertical on the right side |
| Chayon-se | Standing in a natural (short stance) posture |
| Sodo-se | Short or low stance (Lit: small stance) |
| Choch’on-se | Upper ready stance |
| Chiha-se | Lower ready stance |
| Pom-se | Tiger stance aka back stance |
| Pokho-se | Crouching Tiger Stance |
Cuts:
| Romanised | Translation / explanation |
| Chungmyon begi | Straight or centre cut |
| Hwengdan begi | Horizontal cut |
| Daegaksun nae-ryo begi | (left/right) diagonal downward cut |
| Daegaksun Oll-yo begi | (left/right) diagonal upward cut |
| Oll-yo begi | Upward cut |
| Nae-ryo begi | Downward cut |
| Sangdan Mak-gi | (left/right) Defending the head |
| Chirugi | Thrust / stab |
Sword:
| Romanised | Translation / explanation |
| Gum | Sword |
| Gum ko | Tip of the sword |
| Gum nal | Blade, the sharp edge |
| Gum tung | Back of the sword |
| Gumm mak-iee | Hand Guard |
| son chap-iee | Handle of the sword |
| Gum mu-ri | Sword head |
| Gum Jip | Scabbard |
Movements:
| Romanised | Translation / explanation |
| P’ungch’a-Dol-gi | Cartwheel |
| Jump’u / ttwigi | Jump |
| Gu-ru-gi | Rolls, only forwards it seems |
| Joa-ro / woo-ro | To the left / to the right |
| A-pu-ro / dui-ro | Forward / backward |
| Chun-chun-hee | Slowly |
| Bba-ru-ge | quickly |
| Him-i-ge | powerfully |
| Bu-du-rub-ge | Softly |
Cuttings:
| Romanised | Translation / explanation |
| Ch’otbul KKugi | Candle extinguishing |
| Taenamu pegi | Bamboo cutting |
| Jip-dan-begi | Straw cutting |
| Sinmunji pegi | Newspaper cutting |
| Kagmok charugi | Board breaking |
| Dun-jia-begi | Cutting objects in the air |
Greetings:
| Romanised | Translation / explanation |
| An-nyong- Ha-se-yo | Hello (when you enter Dojang) |
| Su-go- ha-syo-ssum-ni-da | You worked hard (usually at the end of practice, to the fellow students) |
| Kam-sa- ham-ni-da | Thank you (usually at the end of practice, to the Sabum-nim or Kwanjang-nim) |
| Annyonghee-Gae-seyo | Good night |
| Annyonghee-Ga-seyo | Good bye. Safe home |
| Cha-um-baek-ge-sum-ni-da | Nice to meet you |
| Nae-il-baek-ge-sum-ni-da | See you tomorrow |
| Da-um-e- baek-ge-sum-ni-da | See you next time. / See you again. |
| Jal-hae-sum-ni-da | Excellent / Well-done |
Titles (Position):
| Romanised | Translation / explanation |
| Chong-jae(nim) | President |
| Hae-jang(nim) | Chairman |
| Chong-kwanjang(nim) | National technical director (Over 4th Dan) |
| Bu-chong-kwanjang(nim) | Regional technical director (Over 4th Dan) |
| Kwanjang(Nim) | Master/ Head of dojang (Over 4th Dan) |
| Sabom(Nim) | Instructor (Over 3rd Dan) |
| Pu-sabom(Nim) | Assistant instructor (Over 2nd Dan) |
| Kyobom(Nim) | Junior assistant instructor (Over 1st Dan) |
| Kodanja | 3rd dan or higher |
| Ch’odan | 1st dan |
| Yudanja | A black-belt of any grade |
| Seuseung(Nim) | My Master (teacher) |
